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首页> 外文OA文献 >Characterization of C1-Metabolizing Prokaryotic Communities in Methane Seep Habitats at the Kuroshima Knoll, Southern Ryukyu Arc, by Analyzing pmoA, mmoX, mxaF, mcrA, and 16S rRNA Genes
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Characterization of C1-Metabolizing Prokaryotic Communities in Methane Seep Habitats at the Kuroshima Knoll, Southern Ryukyu Arc, by Analyzing pmoA, mmoX, mxaF, mcrA, and 16S rRNA Genes

机译：分析pmoA，mmoX，mxaF，mcrA和16S rRNA基因，表征南琉球弧黑岛诺斯甲烷沼地中C1代谢的原核生物群落

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Samples from three submerged sites (MC, a core obtained in the methane seep area; MR, a reference core obtained at a distance from the methane seep; and HC, a gas-bubbling carbonate sample) at the Kuroshima Knoll in the southern Ryuku arc were analyzed to gain insight into the organisms present and the processes involved in this oxic-anoxic methane seep environment. 16S rRNA gene analyses by quantitative real-time PCR and clone library sequencing revealed that the MC core sediments contained abundant archaea (∼34% of the total prokaryotes), including both mesophilic methanogens related to the genus Methanolobus and ANME-2 members of the Methanosarcinales, as well as members of the δ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that both anaerobic methane oxidation and methanogenesis occurred at this site. In addition, several functional genes connected with methane metabolism were analyzed by quantitative competitive-PCR, including the genes encoding particulate methane monooxygenase (pmoA), soluble methane monooxygenase (mmoX), methanol dehydrogenese (mxaF), and methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA). In the MC core sediments, the most abundant gene was mcrA (2.5 × 106 copies/g [wet weight]), while the pmoA gene of the type I methanotrophs (5.9 × 106 copies/g [wet weight]) was most abundant at the surface of the MC core. These results indicate that there is a very complex environment in which methane production, anaerobic methane oxidation, and aerobic methane oxidation all occur in close proximity. The HC carbonate site was rich in γ-Proteobacteria and had a high copy number of mxaF (7.1 × 106 copies/g [wet weight]) and a much lower copy number of the pmoA gene (3.2 × 102 copies/g [wet weight]). The mmoX gene was never detected. In contrast, the reference core contained familiar sequences of marine sedimentary archaeal and bacterial groups but not groups specific to C1 metabolism. Geochemical characterization of the amounts and isotopic composition of pore water methane and sulfate strongly supported the notion that in this zone both aerobic methane oxidation and anaerobic methane oxidation, as well as methanogenesis, occur.
机译：在琉球弧南缘的黑岛丘陵，从三个淹没地点（MC，是在甲烷渗透区域获得的岩心； MR，是在距甲烷渗透距离很远的地方获得的参考岩心； HC，是冒泡的碳酸盐样品）获得的样品对这些有机物进行了分析，以深入了解存在的有机物以及这种有氧-无氧甲烷渗透环境所涉及的过程。通过定量实时PCR和克隆文库测序对16S rRNA基因进行的分析表明，MC核心沉积物中含有丰富的古细菌（约占原核生物总数的34％），包括与甲醇总线属有关的嗜温产甲烷菌和甲烷八叠球菌的ANME-2成员。以及δ-变形杆菌的成员，这表明厌氧甲烷氧化和甲烷生成均发生在该位点。此外，通过定量竞争PCR分析了与甲烷代谢有关的几个功能基因，包括编码颗粒甲烷单加氧酶（pmoA），可溶性甲烷单加氧酶（mmoX），甲醇脱氢酶（mxaF）和甲基辅酶M还原酶（mcrA）的基因。 。在MC核心沉积物中，最丰富的基因是mcrA（2.5×106拷贝/ g [湿重]），而I型甲烷营养菌的pmoA基因（5.9×106拷贝/ g [湿重]）最丰富。 MC核心的表面。这些结果表明存在非常复杂的环境，其中甲烷产生，厌氧甲烷氧化和好氧甲烷氧化都非常接近地发生。碳酸氢盐碳酸酯位点富含γ-变形杆菌，mxaF的拷贝数高（7.1×106拷贝/ g [湿重]），而pmoA基因的拷贝数低得多（3.2×102拷贝/ g [湿重]）。 ]）。从未检测到mmoX基因。相反，参考核心包含熟悉的海洋沉积古生菌和细菌群序列，但不包含特定于C1代谢的群。孔隙水中甲烷和硫酸盐的含量和同位素组成的地球化学特征强烈支持以下观点：在该区域中同时发生好氧甲烷氧化和厌氧甲烷氧化以及甲烷生成。

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